Error bars are 95% CIs.
Read more at: http://ht.ly/S88T2
By: Chang Z1, Larsson H2, Lichtenstein P2, Fazel S3.
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 2Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Error bars are 95% CIs.
Read more at: http://ht.ly/S88T2
By: Chang Z1, Larsson H2, Lichtenstein P2, Fazel S3.
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 2Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Reoffending
and presence of psychiatric disorders are common in prisoners worldwide. However,
whether psychiatric disorders are risk factors for reoffending is still
unknown. We aimed to examine the association between psychiatric disorders,
including substance use disorder, and violent reoffending.
We did a
longitudinal cohort study of 47 326 prisoners who were imprisoned since Jan 1,
2000, and released before Dec 31, 2009, in Sweden. We obtained data for
diagnosed psychiatric disorders from both inpatient and outpatient registers,
and sociodemographic and criminological factors from other population-based
registers...
Diagnosed
psychiatric disorders were associated with an increased hazard of violent
reoffending in male and female prisoners, and these associations were independent of measured
sociodemographic and criminological factors, and, in men, remained substantial
after adjustment for unmeasured familial factors. However,
findings differed between individual diagnoses and sex. We found some evidence
of stronger effects on violent reoffending of alcohol and drug use disorders
and bipolar disorder than of other psychiatric disorders. Alcohol use disorder
seemed to have a greater effect in women than in men. The overall effects of psychiatric disorders did not differ
with severity of crime. The hazard of violent reoffending increased
in a stepwise way with the number of diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Assuming
causality, up to 20% of violent reoffending in men and 40%
in women was attributable to the diagnosed psychiatric disorders that
we investigated.
Certain
psychiatric disorders are associated with a substantially increased hazard of
violent reoffending. Because these disorders are prevalent and mostly
treatable, improvements to prison mental health services could counteract the
cycle of reoffending and improve both public health and safety. National
violence prevention strategies should consider the role of prison health.
Read more at: http://ht.ly/S88T2
By: Chang Z1, Larsson H2, Lichtenstein P2, Fazel S3.
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 2Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Below: Northern plains AI-SUPERPFP sampling strategy
Whereas recent reports from national studies have presented extremely high rates for many personality disorders in American Indian communities, persistent concerns about the meaning of these symptoms have left many troubled by these reports. American Indians as a group are known to suffer disproportionately from a number of violent experiences, but the dynamics of this violence have received little attention. This paper examines perspectives on violence in the lives of 15 northern plains tribal members who met criteria for antisocial personality disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorder. It explores how study participants constructed and understood their own violent encounters, as well as the motivations they described (characterized here as reputation, leveling, retaliation, catharsis, and self-defense). Violence was gendered in this study, with men generally presenting as perpetrators and women as victims. Men often described themselves as ready participants in a violent world, while women were quite clear that aggression for them was often simply required as they tried to defend themselves from male violence. While this analysis does not replace clinical analyses of violence in antisocial personality disorder, it does reveal an underlying cultural logic that may play a role in shaping the recourse to violence for that minority of individuals for whom it appears to be the obvious choice.
Read more at: http://ht.ly/QZHxx HT @UofOklahoma
Below: Unadjusted self-reported willingness to enter treatment, by treatment type and price
Most individuals with substance use and mental health disorders do not receive treatment. If treatment options were more attractive, treatment rates might increase. Although the advantages of novel approaches, including primary care-based treatment and collaborative care in a primary care setting, have been documented, less is known about consumers’ valuation of these options. Contingent valuation methods were used to assess monetary valuation of these treatment types relative to usual care in specialty treatment using a national randomized experiment. Participants valued a primary care-based treatment visit over usual care by $9.00 and a collaborative care visit over usual care by $5.85.
Read more at: http://ht.ly/QL716 HT @PennMedicine
