We used "hot spotting" to characterize the persons
most frequently admitted to the New York City jail system in 2013.
We used our Correctional Health Services electronic health
record to identify 800 patients admitted in 2013 who returned most since
November 2008. We compared them to a randomly selected control group of 800
others admitted in 2013, by using descriptive statistics and cross-tabulations,
including data through December 2014.
The frequently incarcerated individuals had a median of 21
incarcerations (median duration 11 days), representing 18 713 admissions and
$129 million in custody and health costs versus $38 million for the controls.
The frequently incarcerated were:
- significantly older (42 vs 35 years),
- and more likely to have serious mental illness (19% vs 8.5%)
- and homelessness (51.5% vs 14.7%) in their record.
- Significant substance use was highly prevalent (96.9% vs 55.6%).
- Most top criminal charges (88.7%) for the frequently incarcerated were misdemeanors; assault charges were less common (2.8% vs 10.4%).
Frequently incarcerated persons have chronic mental health
and substance use problems, their charges are generally minor, and
incarceration is costly. Tailored supportive housing is likely to be less
costly and improve outcomes.
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By: MacDonald R1, Kaba F1, Rosner Z1, Vise A1, Weiss D1, Brittner M1, Skerker M1, Dickey N1, Venters H1.
- 1All of the authors are with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Correctional Health Services, Queens, NY.
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